Off-Road Small Spark-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations (SOR/2003-355)

Interpretation

• 1 (1) The following definitions apply in these Regulations.

  Act

  Act means the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (Loi)

  bicycle engine

  bicycle engine means an engine that is designed to be installed on a bicycle. (moteur de bicyclette)

  CFR

  CFR means Title 40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States. (CFR)

  CFR 90

  CFR 90 means subchapter C, part 90, of the CFR, as it existed on July 1, 2020. (CFR 90)

  CFR 1051

  CFR 1051 means subchapter U, part 1051, of the CFR, as amended from time to time. (CFR 1051)

  CFR 1054

  CFR 1054 means subchapter U, part 1054, of the CFR, as amended from time to time. (CFR 1054)

  CFR 1060

  CFR 1060 means subchapter U, part 1060, of the CFR, as amended from time to time. (CFR 1060)

  CFR 1068

  CFR 1068 means subchapter U, part 1068, of the CFR, as amended from time to time. (CFR 1068)

  complete fuel system

  complete fuel system means a fuel system that is attached to an engine and that consists of fuel lines and at least one fuel tank. (système complet d’alimentation en carburant)

  crankcase emissions

  crankcase emissions means substances that cause air pollution and that are emitted into the atmosphere from any portion of the crankcase ventilation or lubrication systems of an engine. (émissions du carter)

  diurnal emissions

  diurnal emissions means evaporative emissions that occur as a result of the venting of fuel tank vapours during daily temperature changes while the engine is not operating. (émissions diurnes)

  element of design

  element of design means, in respect of an engine,

  • (a) any control system including computer software, electronic control systems and computer logic;

  • (b) any control system calibrations;

  • (c) the results of systems interaction; or

  • (d) any hardware items. (élément de conception)

  emission control system

  emission control system means any device, system or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions from an engine. (système antipollution)

  emission family

  emission family means, for the 2019 and later model years,

  • (a) in respect of a company’s engines that are covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping that is specified in the EPA certificate;

  • (b) in respect of any fuel lines and fuel tanks that form part of the complete fuel system of an engine and that are covered by one or more EPA certificates, the grouping that is specified in the EPA certificates;

  • (c) in respect of a company’s engines other than those referred to in paragraph (a), the grouping determined in accordance with

    • (i) in the case of a bicycle engine, section 230 of subpart C of CFR 1051, and

    • (ii) in the case of any other engine, section 230 of subpart C of CFR 1054; and

  • (d) in respect of any fuel lines and fuel tanks that form part of the complete fuel system of an engine other than those referred to in paragraph (b), the grouping determined in accordance with

    • (i) in the case of a bicycle engine, section 230 of subpart C of CFR 1051, and

    • (ii) in the case of any other engine, section 230 of subpart C of CFR 1060. (famille d’émissions)

  engine

  engine means an off-road engine that is prescribed under subsection 5(1). (moteur)

  engine kit

  engine kit means an engine with hardware, fuel lines and fuel tanks that are designed to be assembled. (moteur prêt à assembler)

  EPA

  EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA)

  EPA certificate

  EPA certificate means a certificate of conformity to United States federal standards issued by the EPA. (certificat de l’EPA)

  evaporative emissions

  evaporative emissions means fuel compounds that are emitted into the atmosphere from an engine fuelled with volatile liquid fuel, other than exhaust emissions and crankcase emissions. (émissions de gaz d’évaporation)

  exhaust emissions

  exhaust emissions means substances emitted into the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of an engine. (émissions de gaz d’échappement)

  fuel line

  fuel line means hose, tubing and primer bulbs containing or exposed to liquid fuel — including moulded hose, tubing and primer bulbs — that transport fuel to or from an engine, but does not include

  • (a) fuel tank vent lines;

  • (b) segments of hose or tubing in which the external surface is normally exposed to liquid fuel inside the fuel tank;

  • (c) hose or tubing that is designed to return unused fuel from the carburetor to the fuel tank for engines designed to be used in a handheld machine; or

  • (d) primer bulbs that contain liquid fuel only for priming the engine before starting. (conduite d’alimentation en carburant)

  fuel tank

  fuel tank means a tank equipped with its cap and designed to hold fuel. (réservoir de carburant)

  handheld machine

  handheld machine means a machine, other than a bicycle powered by a bicycle engine, that

  • (a) is designed to be carried by the operator during its use;

  • (b) is designed to operate in more than one position during its use;

  • (c) has a dry weight of less than 16 kg, has no more than two wheels, and is designed to be supported by the operator during its use;

  • (d) in the case of a vehicle, is designed to be used for recreational purposes and has a dry weight of less than 20 kg;

  • (e) is powered by an engine that has a total displacement equal to or less than 80 cm³;

  • (f) is an auger that has a dry weight of less than 22 kg; or

  • (g) is a jackhammer or compactor that is designed to be supported by the operator during its use. (machine portative)

  machine

  machine means anything, including a vehicle, device, appliance or implement, powered by an engine. (machine)

  model year

  model year means the year, as determined under section 4, that is used by a manufacturer to designate a model of engine. (année de modèle)

  non-handheld machine

  non-handheld machine means a machine other than a handheld machine but does not include a bicycle powered by a bicycle engine. (machine non portative)

  off-road engine

  off-road engine means an engine, within the meaning of section 149 of the Act,

  • (a) that is used or designed to be used by itself and that is designed to be or is capable of being carried or moved; or

  • (b) that is used or designed to be used

    • (i) in or on a machine that is designed to be or is capable of being carried or moved,

    • (ii) in or on a machine that is self-propelled,

    • (iii) in or on a machine that serves a dual purpose by both propelling itself and performing another function, or

    • (iv) in or on a machine that is designed to be propelled while performing its function. (moteur hors route)

  permeation emissions

  permeation emissions means evaporative emissions resulting from the permeation of fuel through fuel line or fuel tank materials. (émissions par perméation)

  running loss emissions

  running loss emissions means evaporative emissions that escape from a complete fuel system while the engine is operating but does not include permeation emissions or diurnal emissions. (émissions de pertes en marche)

  unique identification number

  unique identification number means a number, consisting of Arabic numerals, Roman letters or both, that the manufacturer assigns to the engine for identification purposes. (numéro d’identification unique)

  useful life

  useful life means the period of time or use in respect of which an emission standard applies to an engine, attached fuel line or attached fuel tank as set out in section 12.5 and subsections 12.7(1) and 12.8(3). (durée de vie utile)

  volatile liquid fuel

  volatile liquid fuel means any fuel that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid vapour pressure greater than 13.79 kPa. (carburant liquide volatil)

  wintertime engine

  wintertime engine means an engine used to power a machine that is designed exclusively to be used in snow or on ice. (moteur hivernal)

• (2) Standards that are incorporated by reference in these Regulations from the CFR are those expressly set out in the CFR and shall be read as excluding

  • (a) references to the EPA or the Administrator of the EPA exercising discretion in any way;

  • (b) alternative standards related to the averaging, banking and trading of emission credits, to small volume manufacturers or to financial hardship; and

  • (c) standards or evidence of conformity of any jurisdiction or authority other than the EPA and, in the case of the standards referred to in subsection 12.5(2) and subparagraphs 12.7(1)(a)(iv) and (v), the California Air Resources Board.

• (3) For the purposes of these Regulations, a reference in the CFR to

  • (a) “nonroad vehicle” and “nonroad equipment” shall be read as machine; and

  • (b) “nonroad engine” shall be read as engine.

Purpose

2 The purpose of these Regulations is to

• (a) reduce emissions of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide from engines by establishing emission limits for those substances or combinations of those substances;

• (b) reduce emissions of the toxic substances formaldehyde, 1,3 butadiene, acetaldehyde, acrolein and benzene through the establishment of emission limits for hydrocarbons from engines; and

• (c) establish emission standards and test procedures for engines that are aligned with those of the EPA.

Background

2.1 These Regulations set out

• (a) prescribed engines for the purposes of section 149 of the Act;

• (b) requirements respecting the conformity of prescribed engines with emission-related standards for the purposes of sections 153 and 154 of the Act; and

• (c) other requirements for carrying out the purposes of Division 5 of Part 7 of the Act.